Free sample - Discussions on Psychological Theory. translation missing

Discussions on Psychological Theory. Discussions on Psychological TheoryPresent paper deals with the discussions of the psychological theory and its main principles. According to this theory, usage of drugs and people’s addiction to them can be explained by different factors. The first case under discussion is usage of drugs because of two main factors contributing it. They are reinforcement and personal problems. I completely agree that the positive reinforcement is one of the key factors, making people use drugs. Pleasurable sensations, accruing after drug usage is the main reason of the desire to get drugs again and again. That is why, all people who are addicted to drugs, explain their addiction by this reason. The next motivation for the drug abuse is problems in the emotional life. When people have certain emotional or personal troubles, such as problems in family or relationships, they suppose that drugs are the only way out that can help them to escape from reality. The next point under discussion is drug addiction due to the inadequate personality. People, having the features of the inadequate personality experience low self-respect and feel constant failure of life. As a result they are more apt to become addicted to drugs. I can not agree more with this fact, as in our life there are quite many examples when individuals who are not satisfied with their life try to change this situation with the help of drugs. They think that only under the influence of drugs they can feel more self-confident and successful. The final topic of drug abuse reasons is unawareness of people about the negative effects of such addicting and absence of will power. In this case, the factor of negative reinforcement occurs. Very often, people, suffering from unbearable pains start using drugs in order to decrease pain and unpleasant feelings. They do it without complete understanding of the results, as the only motivation for them is pain relief. Weak will power or its complete absence is very significant factor that should be mentioned. People who are lack of will power have more chances to get into drug dependence. For such people it is very difficult to resist the temptation of drug usage, especially when they are influenced by the friends who are already abused by drugs.

How to Negotiate Your Salary in an Interview

How to Negotiate Your Salary in an Interview In negotiations, the first person to blink usually loses. The same goes for salary negotiations. If you name a number first, you’ll never know how high the hiring manager might have gone to win you. Here are five sneaky ways an interviewer will get you to answer the money question, and how to avoid them.Q: â€Å"What is the salary range you’re expecting?†Your ideal answer: â€Å"I’d like to get a better sense of the requirements before I commit to a number. Just so I can make sure I have a sense of what you need.†Q: â€Å"How much did you make at your last job?†Your ideal answer:  Don’t answer it. Say instead: â€Å"First I want to make sure I understand the ways in which this position’s responsibilities will differ from those of my former position. Let’s discuss the details before we agree on a fair amount.†Q: â€Å"What are you hoping for in terms of salary?†Your ideal answer:  This is basically the sa me as the first question. If they’ve already asked some version of this, try this answer, and keep deflecting: â€Å"I’m sure whatever you’re offering will be commensurate with the going market rate for this position.† This puts the burden of fairness on them.Q: â€Å"In order to make you an offer, I’ll need to know your requirements.†Your ideal answer:  False! Resist! Deflect again! How about: â€Å"Let’s start with what you have budgeted for this position and then we can discuss from there.†Q: â€Å"Why don’t you want to disclose your salary requirements?†Your ideal answer:  This is quite the bold one, and not all that common. At this point, it’s okay to fight fire with fire. Try: â€Å"I’d really like to get a sense of what this position is worth to your company before I make any commitments.†As tough as it is to be tough, it will pay out in the long run. You may feel awkward about taki ng such a hard line, but your interviewer will respect you as someone not to be trifled with. You might even win yourself the offer with your negotiating prowess.

Child Rearing in America Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Child Rearing in America - Case Study Example According to Annette Lareau, the central factors of family life cohere to form a cultural logic of child rearing which stresses the intensive nurturing of children in the contemporary social situation. "In this historical moment, middle-class parents tend to adopt a cultural logic of child rearing that stresses the concerted cultivation of children. Working-class and poor parents, by contrast, tend to undertake the accomplishment of natural growth. In the accomplishment of natural growth, children experience long stretches of leisure time, child-initiated play, clear boundaries between adults and children and daily confrontations with kin." (Lareau, 2003, p 3). Christopher Davis was born and brought up as the son of middle-class parents and his birth and nurturing demonstrate the state of affairs with child rearing in the contemporary America. Christopher Davis was born in 2004 while his mother, Susan, was eighteen years of age and was pursuing her Bachelor's degree. All through her pregnancy period, Susan attended college and she never dedicated time for the nurturing of the baby. ... The family under investigation belonged to middle-class Blacks and their experience with child rearing suggests the influence of class difference on the shaping of individuals in the families. "It is the class differences and how they are enacted in family life and child rearing that shape the ways children view themselves in relation to the rest of the world." (Lareau, 2003, p 4). Therefore, the paper undertakes an essential qualitative analysis of the case of Christopher Davis in an attempt to achieve a deeper knowledge of issues to educational practice. The research problem in this qualitative research case study is the issues connected with child rearing and the example of Christopher Davis illustrates these issues most effectively. The case study reported in the paper primarily focuses on parental involvement, child-rearing practices and academic achievement on the basis of the specific case of Christopher Davis. Research Design and Methods This research study undertakes an analysis of the specific case of Christopher Davis who confronts several pertinent issues of child rearing. The subject of this qualitative research case study Christopher Davis (Chris) who is son to Susan and John and they live in Brooklyn, New York. Chris has 2 bothers that look up to him. Christopher Davis is the perfect selection for an analysis of the pertinent issues concerning child rearing as he faced some of the most important nurturing problems in his short life. The research reported in this paper undertook personal interviews with the family of Chris. A reflective analysis of the life experience of Chris in his development and education suggests that child rearing is one of the most essential

Crime in Context (SC2032C) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Crime in Context (SC2032C) - Essay Example What is interesting about this form of crime is that, due to its sheer effects and implications on many other fields of studies, it is no longer viewed just as a part of criminology, or not even just as sociology, but is also involved in other fields like economic, anthropology, law political science and history (Klaus von Lampe 2006). Suffice it to say that it has become a discipline itself, and is studied as a separate and special field of study, having its own literature and figures for study and analysis. Academic sources are drawn from all sorts of fields, and likewise, it has influenced many areas of national and international interaction, especially with the advancement in modern technology (Fiorentini, G & Peltzman, S. 1995). This paper aims at laying down a foundation to the study of organised crime, touching upon its many definitions and theories, its types and their effects on modern as well as historic human societies, and methods and procedures to regulate and control the spread and effects of operations that have been established as organised crime. Definitions: during the study of crime over the past ... The term organised crime was first coined by the Chicago Crime Commission in 1919 (Concept and Theory of Organised Crime in the USA 1999). Since then, this type of crime has taken up different forms and methodologies, depending upon the time in history, the places and cultures associated with it, and the effects it has as a result of the criminal activities of its doers. There is no one crime type that can be labeled as organised crime (Donald R. 1972). However, whatever the scenario, there are certain basic underlying characteristics that are true to all its forms. Broadly speaking, organised crime can be defined as the activities and operations undertaken by a group of criminals who have a hierarchically structured party, monetary acquisitions and funding, and political influences and backup to support their varied interests, involving a rampant use of violence to protect those interests (Wikipedia 2007). In short, as defined by the US Organised Crime Control Act of 1970, organized crime is "The unlawful activities of ... a highly organised, disciplined association...". Studying the various definitions of organised crime is in effect studying the different natures and perspectives in which this type of crime occurs, because each incident in itself has the potential to mold how organised crime is viewed and how it can be controlled. Different sources, according to the kind of facts and figures and data they have collected during their study, put forward different aspects of the crime. One form of the crime could be for supplying

Communication and interpersonal interactions Essay Example for Free

Communication and interpersonal interactions Essay Explain strategies used in health and social care environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions Sometimes in health and social care, professionals find it hard to be able to communicate with patients and clients because of reasons such as disabilities. Sometimes people with certain disabilities need help and support in order to communicate with professionals effectively. People with learning difficulties may need to have a advocate with them who talks behalf of the person who may feel nervous or uncomfortable because they have learning difficulty. They may also feel confused because of the terminology that the professionals may use that the patient may not understand. There are also many types of services that help people with disabilities in order to interact effectively with the professionals such as, signers, translators, physiologists, and mentors. Some patients or clients may have different types of disabilities such as being death. People who have ear imperilment often have signers who will sign whatever is being said by the professional and to the patient who is unable to hear to be able to interact effectively with what is being said by the professional. People who are unable to speak English will have a translator with them who is someone who translates one language into another for the patient so the patient and professional is able to communicate with each other. Some patients use some forms of technologies such as hearing aids and mobile phones to be able to text and communicate. Hearing aids are made for people with hearing imperment, to be able to hear clearly by adjusting the volume to a good level to be able to help them hear clearly. Texting is also another form of communication as some people that are death may prefer communicating with professionals through text. Patients and clients may have preffered languages which may include first language, braile, makaton and sign. People that are paralised E. G. Steven Hawkins, they would use a makaton to be able to communicate which is a language programme for people who are not able to speak efficiently that patients may use to be able to communicate with professionals. Another form of preferred language may be first language, people who speak more than 1 language may prefer speaking their own language with a professional that speaks it too as they may feel that they are able to communicate better with their first language. People who are blind will use a braille which is a form of system that has alphabets of dots which can be read through touch. People with visual impairment will use a braille that needs to be provided to them by professionals to be able to communicate with them. Active listening is also another strategy that is used to interact effectively as it can show a clear understanding of what has being said. Active listening involves listening to patients and then reflecting back on what has been said to make it clear the message they have received is understood. As a individual, all patients have the right to be treated in a caring way by the service workers that they access. Health professions support patients and clients in many ways such as promoting rights, maintaining empowerment, and maintaining confidenialty. Maintain confidentiality under the act of confidentiality y is very important and MUST be maintained to all patients and clients of care and under the law. All patients and clients have the right to confidentiality meaning they have the right to access what information is being held by them, to change any inaccurate information, and to have the right to private information being locked up safely where know one can access. All health professions maintain confidentiality by storing private information about patients in a safe place, not sharing or talking about anyones information with people from outside other than colleagues. Professionals also make sure that they maintain confidentiality by giving patients and clients privacy to be able to have their own personal space. When services users access services, professionals try their best to make them feel pleased about the service so they try the best as they can to make patients feel like they are at home by maintaining empowerment. Empowerment means being able to give choices of freedom to be able to make patients feel pleased about the service and happy. All professionals are aware that everyone has individual differences such as religion, so they make sure that they provide different types of choices to people from different religions such as Muslims and also provide different types of choices according to peoples preferences.

How important is the setting in the short stories you have read? :: English Literature

How important is the setting in the short stories you have read? In this assignment I will analyse 5 short stories, which are all pre 1914. These are – ‘The man with the twisted lip’, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘The Red Room’, by H.G Wells, ‘The Signalman’, by Charles Dickens, ‘A Terribly Strange Bed,’ by Wilkie Collins and ‘The Ostler’, also by Wilkie Collins. The stories all have an exterior location. For example, in the Red Room, the corridors on the way to The Red Room. The language H.G Wells uses, such as ‘haunted’, ‘darkness’ and ‘shadowy’ create a feeling of tension and suspense. This is even before you have reached the main setting. Compared to The Signalman, the way the settings are portrayed, there is very little difference. Some of the words used by Charles Dickens, such as ‘dark’, ‘gloomy red light’ and ‘cold’. Some similarities are that they both talk about darkness and lack of light. The interior settings play a significant part in most of the stories. The man with the twisted lip, there is an opium den. This sets the scene to a dark and gloomy setting, just as the authors did with the exterior setting. The authors are always using dark and gloomy symbolism. The opium den is described as ‘gloomy’, ‘dark’ and ‘black shadows’. This gets you on the edge, and you want to read on. In comparison to The Red Room which uses shock and surprise. Where it says ‘the young duke had died’, it goes on to say, ‘headlong down the steps’. This immediately shocks you because it is such a horrific death. This therefore is a very important part of the setting. In addition, when the candles start to go out, the character panics. The writer uses phrases such as ‘suddenly went out’, ‘black shadow sprang back to its place’ and ‘darkness was there.’ This excites the reader, and you want to read on. Also the writer uses short, sharp sentences to emphasise the panic and terror, which the character is feeling. Also the sub characters help to portray the eeriness of the story. In The Red Room, there is a man with a ‘withered arm’, and another with ‘decaying yellow teeth’. To the reader this is a very unpleasant and sickening thought. The people who spread the myth of The Red Room help to give out a horrific feeling to the story. In The man with the twisted lip, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle describes the people in the opium den as ‘bodies’, not as people. This shows that he does not see the

Swot: Brand and Dove Conditioner Shampoo

StrengthsDove conditioner shampoo varieties are products of the Dove Company. However, Unilever is the parent company of Dove products. As well know, Unilever is a Anglo-Dutch multinational corporation that owns many of the world's consumer product brands in foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. Therefore, Dove conditioner shampoo varieties own a strong brand name and image as a part of a wide range of leading brands with Unilever’s other products portfolio such as; Lipton teas, Slim-fast, Ben and Jerry's ice-cream. Thus, it is good for establishing and promoting brand prestige and getting numbers of commercial partners, economic aids and resources. As the brand has grown, so has the investment in advertising. Dove regularly uses magazine advertising to place itself at the heart of the beauty arena, specially its conditioner and shampoo products. Dove’s use of magazines in the marketing strategy has gone far beyond regular display advertising to promotions. Additionally, Dove consistently uses magazines as the lead medium in a number of multi-channel, short-term, product-focused projects. On the other hands, over one million consumers visited Dove’s website to know conditioner and shampoo products in August 2009.It shows that the promotion of Dove conditioner and shampoo products on the Internet is also successful and accepted. The conditioner and shampoo products of Dove are not completely single products. When a shampoo product is sold, a conditioner product can be promoted and sold with a favorable price, and vice versa. Or promote and sell them two products together with special packaging.WeaknessShampoo and conditioner product development has followed movements in fashion, adding value to the sector, but this market has also been affected by changes in the wider economy. The data shows that there are many brands in hair care market, and Dove conditioner and shampoo†¦

Conflict Resoluton in the Classroom

Running Head: INCORPORATING CONFLICT RESOLUTION 1 Incorporating Conflict Resolution Melinda McCray Concordia University INCORPORATING CONFLICT RESOLUTION 2 As an educator, it is important that I not only know how to effectively deliver the curriculum to my students, but to also be able to effectively manage my classroom. Managing the classroom is not just writing disciplinary referrals or assigning detentions, but also includes making the proactive decision to prevent and mitigate conflicts as they arise in the classroom. While all conflicts obviously cannot be prevented, teachers must be instrumental in guiding students to resolving their conflicts. Thomas Lickona (1991) touches on guiding students through conflicts. He writes, â€Å"even if students have the benefit of a conflict curriculum, social skill training†¦ many will still have trouble applying these learnings†¦ In these situations the teacher usually has three tasks: (1) Helping students understand†¦ (2) Helping students work out a fair solution†¦ and (3) Helping children practice the behavioral skills†¦. (294-295). While some of these suggestions may not be applicable to high school students in some instances, I think that Lickona’s suggestions have merit. In my classroom, I could certainly incorporate helping my students practice good behavioral skills. I would definitely focus on the moral aspects of discipline and behavior, because students can relate to how they would like to be treated, using the â€Å"what if† scenario. Morality of mind is always an incentive to encourage a child to behave in the proper way. Community involvement is not always that easy at my school, but using our parent liaison could be a step in that direction. Maybe the liaison could reach out to the parents when teachers cannot. Lickona(1991) suggests that observant teachers know the situations that trigger situations, (295) as one such teacher, using effective conflict resolution strategies such, one-on-one counsel, seating arrangements, and modeling good moral conduct is the way I plan to continue to resolve conflicts as they arise in my classroom and keep the classroom environment safe. References Lickona, T. (1991) â€Å"Educating for Character† How our schools can teach respect and responsibility. New York: NE Bantam Books

Extempo Speech Essays

Extempo Speech Essays Extempo Speech Essay Extempo Speech Essay As student, explain the value and relevance of this years theme In our present time. There is no greater solution to whats happening in our country today than to be united in one cause. The fact that we are gathered together in this great hall with the hope alleviating and educating ourselves on disaster risk management and reduction is a part of that solution. I may be young and innocent but innocence is different from ignorance. There is no valid point in arguing whether one contestant in this competition excels the most, the fact that we are here today, to stand before you all and give our speech on how to mitigate disasters is a win-win solution not Just for myself or everyone around here but for our community. In the recent years, our country has been plagued by typhoons, earthquakes, and other natural hazards. But it Is Important to keep In mind that disasters are not natural, they only occur when people lack preparedness or the ability to cope with hazards. According to the united Nations, disasters Imposed large humanitarian and developmental challenges, the frequency and severity of disasters increased over the last few years due to climate change. According to them, 226 Million people are affected by these hazards every year and in 2000-2010 almost 680,000 people died on earthquakes due to poorly constructed buildings. Now, these facts merely illustrated the difference between vulnerability and our capacity to cope if these tragedies happened. According to I-IN, a school in Japan saved hundreds of students merely because their alluding was constructed to withstand the most tragic disaster to hit the country in 2011. These are but an evidence of how knowledge on disaster preparedness Is able to minimize the damage a natural hazard can cause. This years theme on National Disaster Consciousness Month explained that without disaster preparedness and the awareness of disaster prevention one society cannot simply move on or better yet progress. According to the National government in 2005 alone typhoons cost $12-1 ban of damage and will cost 5% of GAP. Our economy cannot smoothly allocate resources and budget if we are going to be hit again by these hazards not only will our economy suffer but the very lives of every Filipino people. International Red Cross Society has already declared the Philippines as the 4th Most Accident Prone Country in the world and in the last ten years alone we have already sacrificed million people. As a student, I can only understand that the tragedy is not found only in the midst of a devastating typhoon but to the poor preparations our communities have undergone to mitigate the damages. We need to act now, be willing to be educated on disaster preparedness and reduction. Knowledge Is power and In unity comes greater strength. We need to understand the fundamentals of this information on how to lessen and avoid damages to our communities. The National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council has already mapped out the areas that are prone to dangerous zone. People should be willing to be trained by different international and government agencies on how to act when disaster strikes. Drills have already been in progress since 2000 on earthquakes, typhoon, flood, fire to prepare communities to be self-resilient. For our communities to prosper, we should stand out this turmoil that we are in right now and be united to stand in one cause.

Solar System Science Project Ideas

Solar System Science Project Ideas Do you have a science fair project in your future? If so, consider focusing on the solar system. Outer space is rich with mysteries and scientific questions to explore, from the phases of the moon to the existence of space dust (micrometeorites). Start with this list of solar system science fair projects. Build a Working Sundial The ancients used sundials to tell time using the position of the Sun in the sky.  You can build your own sundial with two simple materials: a flat surface (e.g. paper, cardboard) and a thin object that can stand up (e.g. a popsicle stick or straw). Once your sundial is functional, test it for accuracy a few times per day by comparing the sundials reading to your watch or clock. Make Your Own Telescope Build a telescope. Galileo did, and so can you. Learn about the basics of telescopes  here, then check out  NASAs page on building your own. The easiest one to build is a Galileoscope, made out of a cardboard tube and some lenses.   Build a Model of the Solar System You can make a scale-model solar system out of paper or in a diorama. First, find out the distances between solar system objects, then do some math to get the distances to scale within your own model. Some tabletop scale-model solar systems contain marbles for the planets, a tennis ball for the Sun, and other smaller pebbles for asteroids and comets. Make a Spacecraft Model Build a model of a NASA space probe. Many of the major probes and space-based observatories have patterns you can download and use to make scale model, including the  Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Track the Lunar Phases First, read about the phenomenon of lunar phases here. Then, for a few months, observe the Moon in the sky each night, recording how, where, and when it appears. Record the information in a chart and include a drawing of the moons shape each day.  If you have the materials, you can construct a 3D model of the sun using small balls and a light source to show how the Sun illuminates the Moon and Earth throughout the month.   Study Renewable Energy For many years, NASA and other space agencies have been using solar panels to power their satellites and the International Space Station. Here on Earth, people use solar power for everything from household electricity to powering their watches and other electronics. For a science fair project on solar power, study how the Sun generates light and heat and how we convert that light and heat into usable solar power. Collect Bits of Space Micrometeorites are tiny bits of asteroid that drift through our atmosphere and land on the surface of the Earth.  You can collect them by looking in places theyre likely to end up. For example, rain and snow can wash them off of roofs, and they can flow down the drainpipes and storm gutters. You might also try looking in the piles of dirt and sand at the bottom of a rain spout.  Collect that material, remove anything that obviously is not a micrometeorite (e.g. large rocks and leaves), and spread out the remaining material on a piece of paper. Place a magnet underneath the paper and tilt it. Most of the material will slide right off; anything that does not slide off is magnetic. Study the remaining magnetic material under a magnifying glass or microscope. Micrometeorites will appear rounded and may have pits. Edited and updated by  Carolyn Collins Petersen

Event Study Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Event Study - Statistics Project Example With this in mind, an event study is considered the measure of impact of an event on a security value (MacKinlay, 1993). Considering the components of an asset cost, an event study further explores the availability and access of information and the immediacy of impounding such info onto prices. Events are characterised by variables such as short-horizon event studies that consider limited period, habitually hours to weeks and particular to the event at hand. Short-run events yield small returns and facilitate time to focus on information being released. Long-horizon event studies are problematic in that they are sensitive to the modeling assumption of the desired returns. The basic setup for an event study involves the identification of an event and the window, selection of a security, specifying and estimating the reference model characterizing the normal returns (expected returns). However, in order to estimate accurately whether illiquid premiums exist, the characters of liquid premiums must be established first. Thus, in order to test whether illiquid premiums exist, this paper aims at answering the research question, do stocks with higher illiquidity earn higher returns?, by the analysis of two events involving bond buyers? The paper analyzes the factors that affect s ecurity markets and identifies conditions that promote illiquidity premiums. Considering the theory on illiquid discounts, the risk-return model, and empirical study, illiquid discount should increase with increasing trading costs; illiquidity will increase when the market is down, and assets considered less liquid have historically had higher returns (Debondt & Thaler, 1985). Considering the fair market value of a security, a premium that investors will demand only when it can easily be converted into cash is referred as liquidity premium. When the liquid premium is considered too high, then the asset is

Human Nature in studies of philosophers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Nature in studies of philosophers - Essay Example This research aims to evaluate and present the issue of human nature using studies of different philosophers. Distinguished Chinese philosopher of ancient era Mencius (372-289 BCE) strongly believes in the innate goodness of human nature, which humans inherit from their ancestors. It is therefore he vehemently advocates in favor of following the life patterns of the ancestors in order to achieve perfection in their character and personality ultimately. Moreover, according to him, if humans are provided with adequate education and training, their qualities could further be polished and improved. However, Hsà ¼n Tzu (298-238 BCE) does not find righteousness in human nature. On the contrary, he is of t.he view that human nature is evil and can be improved through socialization. Another eminent philosopher of ancient times, named Kao Tzu (420-350 BCE), aptly acknowledged to be one of the most talented thinkers in the history of China, refutes both the above-mentioned doctrines, and decl ares human nature as clean slate, which studies and follows only what it observes being practiced by others in its social and natural environment. Thus, human nature is neither good nor bad altogether, according to Kao Tzu, and follows the same which is taught to it. Eminent 19th century German philosopher Georg Hegel (1770—1831) has also made a comparative analysis of the doctrines presented by Hsun Tzu and Mencius while elucidating the concepts of innate evil and innate goodness respectively. Somehow, Hegel seeks further wisdom in both these theses, where both these doctrines serve as thesis and antithesis to each other. Hegel declares goodness and evil as occasional in nature and scope due to the very reality that absolute righteousness or complete wrong-doings do not prevail in any part of the globe. In other words, no one can be stated as completely sublime and righteous or absolutely monstrous and obnoxious. For instance, a robber could be harmful and destructive for so ciety, though would be a kind and benevolent person in his domestic life, and may treat his children with great love and affection. Similarly, a pious person may commit genocide out of sheer feelings of revenge or abhorrence for his opponent or rival. Moreover, Otto von Bismarck (1815--1898) is regarded as a great German nationalist, though his name brings displeasure on the countenances of the French public at large. Since absolute goodness and evil do not exist in any part of the globe, declaring anyone as the representative of good or evil does not carry weight in the eyes of the philosophers, thinkers and intellectuals. Hegel alludes to the gallant deeds displayed by the soldiers while saving the boundaries of their country. (Austin, 624-25) Since they are also